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use crate::io::util::flush::{flush, Flush}; use crate::io::util::shutdown::{shutdown, Shutdown}; use crate::io::util::write::{write, Write}; use crate::io::util::write_all::{write_all, WriteAll}; use crate::io::util::write_buf::{write_buf, WriteBuf}; use crate::io::util::write_int::{ WriteI128, WriteI128Le, WriteI16, WriteI16Le, WriteI32, WriteI32Le, WriteI64, WriteI64Le, WriteI8, }; use crate::io::util::write_int::{ WriteU128, WriteU128Le, WriteU16, WriteU16Le, WriteU32, WriteU32Le, WriteU64, WriteU64Le, WriteU8, }; use crate::io::AsyncWrite; use bytes::Buf; cfg_io_util! { /// Defines numeric writer macro_rules! write_impl { ( $( $(#[$outer:meta])* fn $name:ident(&mut self, n: $ty:ty) -> $($fut:ident)*; )* ) => { $( $(#[$outer])* fn $name<'a>(&'a mut self, n: $ty) -> $($fut)*<&'a mut Self> where Self: Unpin { $($fut)*::new(self, n) } )* } } /// Writes bytes to a sink. /// /// Implemented as an extention trait, adding utility methods to all /// [`AsyncWrite`] types. Callers will tend to import this trait instead of /// [`AsyncWrite`]. /// /// As a convenience, this trait may be imported using the [`prelude`]: /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::prelude::*; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let data = b"some bytes"; /// /// let mut pos = 0; /// let mut buffer = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// /// while pos < data.len() { /// let bytes_written = buffer.write(&data[pos..]).await?; /// pos += bytes_written; /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` /// /// See [module][crate::io] documentation for more details. /// /// [`AsyncWrite`]: AsyncWrite /// [`prelude`]: crate::prelude pub trait AsyncWriteExt: AsyncWrite { /// Writes a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were /// written. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize>; /// ``` /// /// This function will attempt to write the entire contents of `buf`, but /// the entire write may not succeed, or the write may also generate an /// error. A call to `write` represents *at most one* attempt to write to /// any wrapped object. /// /// # Return /// /// If the return value is `Ok(n)` then it must be guaranteed that `n <= /// buf.len()`. A return value of `0` typically means that the /// underlying object is no longer able to accept bytes and will likely /// not be able to in the future as well, or that the buffer provided is /// empty. /// /// # Errors /// /// Each call to `write` may generate an I/O error indicating that the /// operation could not be completed. If an error is returned then no bytes /// in the buffer were written to this writer. /// /// It is **not** considered an error if the entire buffer could not be /// written to this writer. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut file = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// /// // Writes some prefix of the byte string, not necessarily all of it. /// file.write(b"some bytes").await?; /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> Write<'a, Self> where Self: Unpin, { write(self, src) } /// Writes a buffer into this writer, advancing the buffer's internal /// cursor. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_buf<B: Buf>(&mut self, buf: &mut B) -> io::Result<usize>; /// ``` /// /// This function will attempt to write the entire contents of `buf`, but /// the entire write may not succeed, or the write may also generate an /// error. After the operation completes, the buffer's /// internal cursor is advanced by the number of bytes written. A /// subsequent call to `write_buf` using the **same** `buf` value will /// resume from the point that the first call to `write_buf` completed. /// A call to `write` represents *at most one* attempt to write to any /// wrapped object. /// /// # Return /// /// If the return value is `Ok(n)` then it must be guaranteed that `n <= /// buf.len()`. A return value of `0` typically means that the /// underlying object is no longer able to accept bytes and will likely /// not be able to in the future as well, or that the buffer provided is /// empty. /// /// # Errors /// /// Each call to `write` may generate an I/O error indicating that the /// operation could not be completed. If an error is returned then no bytes /// in the buffer were written to this writer. /// /// It is **not** considered an error if the entire buffer could not be /// written to this writer. /// /// # Examples /// /// [`File`] implements `Read` and [`Cursor<&[u8]>`] implements [`Buf`]: /// /// [`File`]: crate::fs::File /// [`Buf`]: bytes::Buf /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// use bytes::Buf; /// use std::io::Cursor; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut file = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// let mut buffer = Cursor::new(b"data to write"); /// /// // Loop until the entire contents of the buffer are written to /// // the file. /// while buffer.has_remaining() { /// // Writes some prefix of the byte string, not necessarily /// // all of it. /// file.write_buf(&mut buffer).await?; /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_buf<'a, B>(&'a mut self, src: &'a mut B) -> WriteBuf<'a, Self, B> where Self: Sized + Unpin, B: Buf, { write_buf(self, src) } /// Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// This method will continuously call [`write`] until there is no more data /// to be written. This method will not return until the entire buffer /// has been successfully written or such an error occurs. The first /// error generated from this method will be returned. /// /// # Errors /// /// This function will return the first error that [`write`] returns. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut buffer = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// /// buffer.write_all(b"some bytes").await?; /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` /// /// [`write`]: AsyncWriteExt::write fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAll<'a, Self> where Self: Unpin, { write_all(self, src) } write_impl! { /// Writes an unsigned 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u8(&mut self, n: u8) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 8 bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u8(2).await?; /// writer.write_u8(5).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x02\x05"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u8(&mut self, n: u8) -> WriteU8; /// Writes an unsigned 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i8(&mut self, n: i8) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 8 bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u8(2).await?; /// writer.write_u8(5).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x02\x05"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i8(&mut self, n: i8) -> WriteI8; /// Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u16(&mut self, n: u16) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 16-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u16(517).await?; /// writer.write_u16(768).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x02\x05\x03\x00"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u16(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16; /// Writes a signed 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i16(&mut self, n: i16) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 16-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i16(193).await?; /// writer.write_i16(-132).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x00\xc1\xff\x7c"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i16(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16; /// Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u32(&mut self, n: u32) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 32-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u32(267).await?; /// writer.write_u32(1205419366).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x00\x00\x01\x0b\x47\xd9\x3d\x66"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u32(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32; /// Writes a signed 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i32(&mut self, n: i32) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 32-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i32(267).await?; /// writer.write_i32(1205419366).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x00\x00\x01\x0b\x47\xd9\x3d\x66"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i32(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32; /// Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u64(&mut self, n: u64) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 64-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u64(918733457491587).await?; /// writer.write_u64(143).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x00\x03\x43\x95\x4d\x60\x86\x83\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x8f"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u64(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64; /// Writes an signed 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i64(&mut self, n: i64) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 64-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i64(i64::min_value()).await?; /// writer.write_i64(i64::max_value()).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i64(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64; /// Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u128(&mut self, n: u128) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 128-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u128(16947640962301618749969007319746179).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, vec![ /// 0x00, 0x03, 0x43, 0x95, 0x4d, 0x60, 0x86, 0x83, /// 0x00, 0x03, 0x43, 0x95, 0x4d, 0x60, 0x86, 0x83 /// ]); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u128(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128; /// Writes an signed 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i128(&mut self, n: i128) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 128-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i128(i128::min_value()).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, vec![ /// 0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 /// ]); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i128(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128; /// Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 16-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u16_le(517).await?; /// writer.write_u16_le(768).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x05\x02\x00\x03"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16Le; /// Writes a signed 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 16-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i16_le(193).await?; /// writer.write_i16_le(-132).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\xc1\x00\x7c\xff"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16Le; /// Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 32-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u32_le(267).await?; /// writer.write_u32_le(1205419366).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x0b\x01\x00\x00\x66\x3d\xd9\x47"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32Le; /// Writes a signed 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 32-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i32_le(267).await?; /// writer.write_i32_le(1205419366).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x0b\x01\x00\x00\x66\x3d\xd9\x47"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32Le; /// Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 64-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u64_le(918733457491587).await?; /// writer.write_u64_le(143).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x83\x86\x60\x4d\x95\x43\x03\x00\x8f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64Le; /// Writes an signed 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 64-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i64_le(i64::min_value()).await?; /// writer.write_i64_le(i64::max_value()).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f"); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64Le; /// Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write unsigned 128-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_u128_le(16947640962301618749969007319746179).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, vec![ /// 0x83, 0x86, 0x60, 0x4d, 0x95, 0x43, 0x03, 0x00, /// 0x83, 0x86, 0x60, 0x4d, 0x95, 0x43, 0x03, 0x00, /// ]); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128Le; /// Writes an signed 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the /// underlying writer. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn write_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// It is recommended to use a buffered writer to avoid excessive /// syscalls. /// /// # Errors /// /// This method returns the same errors as [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]. /// /// [`AsyncWriteExt::write_all`]: AsyncWriteExt::write_all /// /// # Examples /// /// Write signed 128-bit integers to a `AsyncWrite`: /// /// ```rust /// use tokio::io::{self, AsyncWriteExt}; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let mut writer = Vec::new(); /// /// writer.write_i128_le(i128::min_value()).await?; /// /// assert_eq!(writer, vec![ /// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x80 /// ]); /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn write_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128Le; } /// Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered /// contents reach their destination. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// It is considered an error if not all bytes could be written due to /// I/O errors or EOF being reached. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::io::{self, BufWriter, AsyncWriteExt}; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let f = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(f); /// /// buffer.write_all(b"some bytes").await?; /// buffer.flush().await?; /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self> where Self: Unpin, { flush(self) } /// Shuts down the output stream, ensuring that the value can be dropped /// cleanly. /// /// Equivalent to: /// /// ```ignore /// async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> io::Result<()>; /// ``` /// /// Similar to [`flush`], all intermediately buffered is written to the /// underlying stream. Once the operation completes, the caller should /// no longer attempt to write to the stream. For example, the /// `TcpStream` implementation will issue a `shutdown(Write)` sys call. /// /// [`flush`]: fn@crate::io::AsyncWriteExt::flush /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// use tokio::io::{self, BufWriter, AsyncWriteExt}; /// use tokio::fs::File; /// /// #[tokio::main] /// async fn main() -> io::Result<()> { /// let f = File::create("foo.txt").await?; /// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(f); /// /// buffer.write_all(b"some bytes").await?; /// buffer.shutdown().await?; /// Ok(()) /// } /// ``` fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Shutdown<'_, Self> where Self: Unpin, { shutdown(self) } } } impl<W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized> AsyncWriteExt for W {}